Missing, cracked, or displaced shingles — especially granule loss exposing the asphalt mat, which indicates hail impact and accelerated deterioration

Water stains on ceilings and walls directly below the damaged roof area — often more widespread than the entry point due to water traveling along joists and rafters

Wet or saturated attic insulation — water migrates along structural members and can spread 10–20 feet from the original breach before becoming visible inside

Dark staining or fuzzy growth on OSB sheathing, rafters, or roof decking — mold colonizes wet wood within 24–48 hours and requires professional remediation before re-roofing

Sagging, soft, or discolored drywall on top-floor ceilings — indicates significant water accumulation above the ceiling plane that has compromised the drywall's structural integrity

Standing water in attic spaces after heavy rain — particularly in low-slope or flat roof sections where drainage is compromised by storm debris or damaged gutters

Water intrusion around chimney flashing, skylights, pipe boots, or roof penetrations — these are the most common failure points and often produce interior damage disproportionate to the visible exterior damage

Wet electrical fixtures, junction boxes, or wiring in the attic — a life-safety hazard that requires immediate mitigation and documentation before the adjuster visit